Credits

Geographic data — GeoNames

Place names, populations, coordinates, and administrative-division metadata come from the GeoNames geographical database. The data is used here under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC-BY 4.0).

Geographic data © GeoNames contributors, licensed under CC-BY 4.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Any modifications or transformations applied during the ETL pipeline (filtering by feature class, joining postal codes, deriving parent_id chains) are documented in this site's source repository.

Multilingual labels — Wikidata

Place-name translations into the locales served on this site (e.g. Welsh names of British places, Spanish names of US places) come from Wikidata via SPARQL queries. Wikidata data is released under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0) — no formal attribution is required.

Population enrichment values, where used, also originate from Wikidata. The site uses GeoNames population as the primary value and Wikidata as a drift-detection cross-check.

United Kingdom postcodes — Office for National Statistics

Postcode-to-administrative-area data for the United Kingdom is derived from the ONS Postcode Directory, accessed via the ONS Open Geography Portal.

Postcode data from Office for National Statistics, licensed under the Open Government Licence v3 (nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/). The directory contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2026.

United States gazetteer — US Census Bureau

US-specific county, place, and ZCTA reference data is sourced from the US Census Bureau's published gazetteer files. US Census Bureau data is in the public domain and may be used without restriction.

Software

This site is built with Astro, Vite, and a small fixture-engine written in TypeScript. The project's source code is published under its own licence (see the repository README).